health

How to Set Healthy Boundaries

/ Tayah Burnett
This photo contains a checklist that breaks down unhealthy vs. healthy relationships. In unhealthy or coercive relationships, a person may feel pressured to say yes to sex, they can be insulted or threatened, and kept away from people or belongings. In a healthy relationship, people feel safe and comfortable, respects when someone says no, agree before having sex, and have control over your own body. Two people are sitting at a table holding mugs in one corner while two other people are hugging and holding a heart to their chest.

Boundaries

To ensure that individuals do not experience types of coercion mentioned above, it is important that healthy boundaries are developed. Without healthy boundaries, relationships can become toxic and unsatisfying, and the individual’s well-being can suffer. Healthy boundaries are meant to [1]:

  • Encourage autonomy and reduce codependent habits
  • Set expectations when interacting with others
  • Give you a sense of empowerment and self-respect
  • Ensure your physical and emotional comfort
  • Clarity on individual responsibilities in a relationship
  • Clarify individual responsibilities in a relationship
  • Separate your wants, needs, thoughts, and feelings from those of others

Before getting into a relationship, it is imperative to develop personal boundaries and ensure that those boundaries are respected.

Orange box with danger tape running an "x" shape across it. The text describes the different types of boundaries: physical boundaries, financial boundaries, emotional boundaries, and sexual boundaries. Physical boundaries can be defined as those that keep you comfortable and safe. Financial boundaries are those that extend to your belongings. Emotional boundaries ensure that others are respectful of your well-being and internal comfort. Sexual boundaries require asking for consent before being physically intimate.

Sexual Readiness

An important thing to consider when discussing relationships is sexual readiness. Sexual readiness means thinking carefully about whether you are truly ready to engage in sexual activity with a partner [2].

Pink infographic with a list of questions to ask how ready someone is to have sex: Why do you want to have sex? Do you feel safe and comfortable with your partner(s)? Are you comfortable with the time and place? Do you know your wants and desires? Have you discussed boundaries? Are you prepared for safe sex? Do you have hesitation or unanswered questions? Do you both feel aligned?

Coercion

In some relationships, individuals use a tactic called ‘coercion’ to ensure their partner does not leave the relationship. According to Webster’s dictionary, coercion is “to compel an act or choice” [3]. Regarding relationships, coercive control is seen through emotional abuse in intimate partner settings and may sometimes include physical force [4]. Types of coercive control include:

  • Assault – Assault is one of the most extreme versions of coercive control, as it involves physically forcing an individual to conduct an action. Assault includes hitting, choking, slapping, kicking, biting, using weapons, and exposure to dangerous situations.
  • Threats – Threats are declarations of impending consequences intended to create fear. Example statements include, ‘That better not stay that way, or you’ll regret it’, ‘The next time you do that, the dog is going to the shelter’, and ‘You’re going to be sorry you did that’.
  • Insults or Humiliation – When a partner insults or humiliates an individual, it can be done with the intention to break down the individual’s self-esteem and make them believe they cannot function without the partner. Some examples include making jokes at your expense, calling you names, and regularly making critical comments about your appearance.
  • Isolation – When a partner forbids an individual from interacting with others, it can inhibit the individual from being able to verify abusive relationship behaviors. Examples include making excuses why you can’t attend family events or social functions, using guilt to get you to stay at home, and making fun of your interests to discourage you.
  • Activity Monitoring – Activity monitoring is a tactic utilized to subtly remind an individual that their partner is always around, judging their behaviors. Examples include whole-home surveillance technology (including private areas like the bathroom), checking your internet usage and browser history, and using tracking technology on your phone or car.
  • Financial Control – When a partner scrutinizes, controls, or limits financial control, a situation is developed where an individual depends on that partner for basic needs. Examples include being restricted to an allowance, insisting on sharing financial account information, and running up debt under your name.
  • Sexual Coercion – When a partner makes an individual feel pressured, manipulated, or tricked into sexual interaction. For example, making you feel obligated to engage in sex, offering a reward for sex, or threatening consequences if you don’t engage in a sexual act.
  • Removing Autonomy – When someone takes away the freedom of personal choice. It is a form utilized to dismiss an individual’s feelings and make them feel inferior. Examples include insisting you use certain products (shampoo, body spray, soap, hygiene items), replacing your things with versions they feel are superior, regulating your sleep, eating, or bathroom activities.

Conclusion

No matter your attachment style, it’s important to regulate your emotions, take time to think before agreeing or initiating sex, and remember sex does not equal love or commitment [6]. If someone is pressuring you into sex, and you feel safe, be direct and firm with the individual [7]. Let the individual know that pressure will not change your mind or that you are not interested. If the pursuit continues, call individuals that you trust (family, friends, police). Some individuals to help you create an exit strategy from a coercive relationship include 1-800-799-7233, thehotline.org, and texting “START” to 88788.

Beyond The Myths: Inclusive Sex Education and Mental Health Awareness

/ Rebecca Salesky

Exploring your sexuality can be confusing, especially when you start engaging in sexual acts with other people for the first time. Virginity is the term used to describe the state of never having had sex, and “losing your virginity” can be nerve-wracking. Even the word “losing” is not the best description, because you should be gaining something from your experience instead. There are many misconceptions around sex that can contribute to feeling anxious about having sex for the first time. This is a guide that debunks myths and discusses the many ways you can have sex to help you feel a little more comfortable when engaging in sexual acts, and the importance of your mental wellbeing when it comes to this.

Sex Myths

Myth Reality 
You will feel different after having sex.People often believe after having sex for the first time it will instantly change everything and bring a complete happiness in your life. The truth is there is no “right” way to feel after having it. You can feel happy, anxious, calm, excited, nervous, or even the same. All of these reactions are completely normal. 
Pain is always present.First time sex can feel uncomfortable at first. The vagina is muscle so when it is being strecthed it comes along with discomfort. But with communication, patience, and enough foreplay with your partner the discomfort will last for only a little bit. If the pain is severe or ongoing it is a good idea to talk to a healthcare professional because sex is not supposed to hurt. 
It will be perfect and magical. Watching television they depict first time sex as something magical and smooth. In reality that is not always the case. First time sex can be awkward and nervewracking and that is okay! Learning and figuring things out with your partner is completely normal. It does not have to be perfect for it to be meaningful.  
Talking about boundaries will ruin the mood.This is absolutely not true. If there is something you do not feel comfortable with when about to have sex with your partner, make sure you say it. You saying it will not ruin the mood whatsoever. It will just make sure that you are being treated with respect and that you are not uncomfortable during the experience. When both partners feel safe and heard, it will create a more positive experience. 
Penetration is required. This is a myth because that statement limits the definition of sex to only penis-in-vagina orientation. Intimacy includes many forms such as oral sex, touching, mutual stimulation, and many other experiences. 

Diving Deeper into Inclusive Sex

As mentioned above, “penetration is required” for sex is a myth because of the many ways to be sexual, and based on your pain or mobility restrictions, sensory sensitivities, gender identity, and sexual orientation, sex may be different than how you imagined it. There is no one or “real” way to have sex; it is whatever you and your partner are comfortable with, so it’s important to talk to your partner about boundaries and what sex you would like to have.

There are many different ways people have sex:

  • Anal sex – a penis is inserted into another person’s anus
  • Oral sex – a person licks a person’s vulva, vagina, or clitoris or a person kisses/sucks a person’s penis
  • A person kisses and sucks the other person’s nipples
  • A person masturbates with another person
  • A person touches another person’s vagina or penis
  • Sex toys (ex: dildos…) are used

This fact sheet provides more information on having sex.

Being comfortable in your sexuality and expressing yourself sexually can help you understand yourself better and be in control of your own life. It can also give you confidence to have sex successfully (based on your own personal view of what “successful” sex is) and deepen your connection with your partners.

Resources To Promote Positive Mental Health

For LGBTQ+ individuals with disabilities, the LGBTQ+ community and spaces can act as a protective factor as it helps foster a sense of belonging, reduce isolation, and supports positive self-identity. However, LGTBQ+ people with disabilities also report higher rates of mental health concerns. The Trevor Project has a guide on their website for supporting LGBTQ+ people with disabilities, including direct links to resources that can be found on page 14 on the PDF format.

We wanted to attach some resources if you or someone you know is struggling with mental health concerns. The Cleveland Clinic provides more information about suicide and its warning signs on its website at https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/articles/suicide.

The Never a Bother campaign is a youth suicide prevention awareness and outreach campaign for young people and their parents, caregivers, and allies. To get involved, please visit https://neverabother.org/